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		<title>Jailbreak Wizard iclarifieD</title>
		<link>/jailbreak-wizard-iclarified/</link>
					<comments>/jailbreak-wizard-iclarified/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vaheeD]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 14:11:22 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; Sorry for this post :D     this post for personal use &#8230; vaheeDMore Posts - Website Follow Me:</p>
The post <a href="/jailbreak-wizard-iclarified/">Jailbreak Wizard iclarifieD</a> first appeared on <a href="/">vaheeD khoshnouD</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span id="more-590"></span><br />
<iframe loading="lazy" style="border: 0px #FFFFFF dotted;" name="Jailbreak" src="http://www.iclarified.com/jailbreak/" height="850" width="650" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0px" marginheight="0px" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><b><br />
Sorry for this post :D </b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><b>    this post for personal use &#8230;<br />
</b></h3>
<div class="wp-about-author-containter-top" style="background-color:#FFEAA8;"><div class="wp-about-author-pic"><img alt='' src='http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ef8c65e8d3633adf28103cadb4591c2?s=100&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ef8c65e8d3633adf28103cadb4591c2?s=200&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='author_gravatar left  avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' loading='lazy'/></div><div class="wp-about-author-text" style="margin-left:140px"><h3><a href='/author/vaheed/' title='vaheeD'>vaheeD</a></h3><p></p><p><a href='/author/vaheed/' title='More posts by vaheeD'>More Posts</a>  - <a href='https://plus.google.com/103839803047317952696' title='vaheeD'>Website</a> </p><p class="wpa-nomargin">Follow Me:<br /><a class='wpa-social-icons' href='http://www.facebook.com/vaheet'><img src='/wp-content/plugins/wp-about-author/images/facebook.png' alt='Facebook'/></a><a class='wpa-social-icons' href='https://plus.google.com/103839803047317952696'><img src='/wp-content/plugins/wp-about-author/images/googleplus.png' alt='Google Plus'/></a></p></div></div>The post <a href="/jailbreak-wizard-iclarified/">Jailbreak Wizard iclarifieD</a> first appeared on <a href="/">vaheeD khoshnouD</a>.]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>How to Unlock Your iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS Using SAM [5.0, 5.0.1, 5.1]</title>
		<link>/how-to-unlock-your-iphone-4s-iphone-4-iphone-3gs-using-sam-5-0-5-0-1-5-1/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vaheeD]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 13:55:27 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Hello to all, this instruction really really WORK for ME 100%  :D These are instructions on how to unlock your iPhone using SAM. This method will work with the iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPhone 3G on any jailbreakable firmware including 5.x. &#160; Step One Jailbreak your iPhone. You can find instructions on... </p>
<p><a class="small button secondary" href="/how-to-unlock-your-iphone-4s-iphone-4-iphone-3gs-using-sam-5-0-5-0-1-5-1/">Continue Reading</a></p>
The post <a href="/how-to-unlock-your-iphone-4s-iphone-4-iphone-3gs-using-sam-5-0-5-0-1-5-1/">How to Unlock Your iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS Using SAM [5.0, 5.0.1, 5.1]</a> first appeared on <a href="/">vaheeD khoshnouD</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span id="more-586"></span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><b><br />
Hello to all, this instruction really really </b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><b>WORK for ME 100%  :D<br />
</b></h3>
<p>These are instructions on how to unlock your iPhone using SAM. This method will work with the iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPhone 3G on any jailbreakable firmware including 5.x.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><b>Step One</b><br />
Jailbreak your iPhone. You can find instructions on how to do that using the iClarified <a href="http://www.iclarified.com/jailbreak" target="_blank"><b>Jailbreak Wizard</b></a>.</p>
<p><b>Step Two</b><br />
Tap to launch <i>Cydia</i> from your SpringBoard.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77792/77792.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77792/77792.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Three</b><br />
Press to select <i>Manage</i> from the tabs at the bottom of the screen.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77794/77794.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77794/77794.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Four</b><br />
Press the large Sources button.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77795/77795.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77795/77795.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Five</b><br />
Press the <i>Edit</i> button at the top right of the screen.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77797/77797.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77797/77797.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Six</b><br />
Press the Add button that appears at the top left of the screen.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77799/77799.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77799/77799.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Seven</b><br />
Enter <i>http://repo.bingner.com/</i> and press the Add Source button.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77800/77800.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77800/77800.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Eight</b><br />
Press the large <i>Return to Cydia</i> button.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77801/77801.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77801/77801.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Nine</b><br />
Press to select <i>Bingner</i> from the list of Sources.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77803/77803.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77803/77803.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Ten</b><br />
Choose <b>SAM</b> from the list of packages.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77804/77804.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77804/77804.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Eleven</b><br />
Press the <i>Install</i> button at the top right of the screen.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77805/77805.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77805/77805.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twelve</b><br />
Press the <i>Confirm</i> button to begin installation.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77807/77807.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77807/77807.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Thirteen</b><br />
Once installation has completed press the large <i>Restart SpringBoard</i> button.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77809/77809.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77809/77809.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Fourteen</b><br />
Insert your new SIM card and tap to select <i>SAMPrefs</i> from your SpringBoard.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77813/77813.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77813/77813.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Fifteen</b><br />
Tap <i>Utilities</i><br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77814/77814.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77814/77814.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Sixteen</b><br />
Press to select <i>De-Activate iPhone</i>. Your ActivationState under &#8220;More Information&#8221; should now be &#8220;Unactivated&#8221;. If you don&#8217;t have <i>De-Activate iPhone</i> you can use <i>De-Activate iPhone (clear push)</i>.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77815/77815.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77815/77815.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77817/77817.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77817/77817.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77819/77819.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77819/77819.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77821/77821.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77821/77821.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Seventeen</b><br />
With SAM enabled, tap <i>Method</i> and choose <i>By Country and Carrier</i>.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77823/77823.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77823/77823.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77825/77825.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77825/77825.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Eighteen</b><br />
Tap <i>Country</i> and choose the country of your ORIGINAL SIM.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77827/77827.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77827/77827.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77828/77828.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77828/77828.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Nineteen</b><br />
Tap <i>Carrier</i> and choose your ORIGINAL carrier that your iPhone is locked to.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77830/77830.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77830/77830.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77832/77832.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77832/77832.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty</b><br />
For some carriers operating more than one Carrier ID you may need to select <i>SIM ID</i>. If you are unable to activate in Step Twenty Four then you have selected the wrong one.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77859/77859.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77859/77859.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77835/77835.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77835/77835.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty One</b><br />
Tap <i>More Information</i> and copy the IMSI under <b>SAM Details</b> to the clipboard.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77836/77836.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77836/77836.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77839/77839.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77839/77839.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Two</b><br />
Tap <i>Spoof Real SIM to SAM</i><br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77840/77840.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77840/77840.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77842/77842.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77842/77842.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Three</b><br />
Go back to the main SAM screen and paste the IMSI number in your clipboard.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77844/77844.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77844/77844.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77846/77846.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77846/77846.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Four</b><br />
Connect your iPhone to the computer and let iTunes reactivate your phone.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77858/77858-64.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77858/77858-64.png" width="64" height="64" border="0" /></a></p>
<p>&#8220;Double click &#8220;Phone Number&#8221; parameter at the main device screen and make sure that the ICCID matches that of your SIM card.&#8221; If not you need to start over from Step Fourteen.&#8221;</p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Five</b><br />
Unplug your iPhone from the computer and close iTunes.</p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Six</b><br />
Reopen <i>SAMPrefs</i> from your SpringBoard and disable it using the <i>Enabled</i> switch.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77850/77850.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77850/77850.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77852/77852.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77852/77852.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Seven</b><br />
Connect your iPhone to the computer and launch iTunes again.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77858/77858-64.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77858/77858-64.png" width="64" height="64" border="0" /></a></p>
<p>You should get an error saying that your phone cannot be activated. This is normal. Just close iTunes and open it again.<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77856/77856.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77856/77856-500.png" width="500" height="227" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Eight</b><br />
In a short time you should see signal bars. Congratulations!<br />
<a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77853/77853.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77853/77853.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.iclarified.com/entry/lightview.php?location=/images/tutorials/21501/77854/77854.png" data-lightview-group="iclarified" data-lightview-options="skin: 'mac'"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="http://www.iclarified.com/images/tutorials/21501/77854/77854.png" width="240" height="360" border="0" /></a></p>
<p><b>Step Twenty Nine</b><br />
You should now backup your iPhone unlock ticket in case this method is ever blocked. You can find instructions on how to backup the unlock ticket <a href="http://www.iclarified.com/21504" target="_blank"><b>here</b></a>.</p>
<p><b>IMPORTANT:</b><br />
If push notifications stop after this process, you can restore then with the <i>Clear Push</i> utility in SAM, followed by connecting to iTunes.</p>
<p>Your phone will work normally with your SIM card and that SIM card ONLY since we have tricked iTunes to think that ICCID is one of the intended carrier&#8217;s. The phone can be rebooted and connected to iTunes freely without losing the &#8220;unlock&#8221;, at least for now.</p>
<p>A big thanks to Loktar_Sun and Laforet for their contributions!</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>ALL COPY FROM iclarified.com</p>
<div class="wp-about-author-containter-top" style="background-color:#FFEAA8;"><div class="wp-about-author-pic"><img alt='' src='http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ef8c65e8d3633adf28103cadb4591c2?s=100&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4ef8c65e8d3633adf28103cadb4591c2?s=200&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='author_gravatar left  avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' loading='lazy'/></div><div class="wp-about-author-text" style="margin-left:140px"><h3><a href='/author/vaheed/' title='vaheeD'>vaheeD</a></h3><p></p><p><a href='/author/vaheed/' title='More posts by vaheeD'>More Posts</a>  - <a href='https://plus.google.com/103839803047317952696' title='vaheeD'>Website</a> </p><p class="wpa-nomargin">Follow Me:<br /><a class='wpa-social-icons' href='http://www.facebook.com/vaheet'><img src='/wp-content/plugins/wp-about-author/images/facebook.png' alt='Facebook'/></a><a class='wpa-social-icons' href='https://plus.google.com/103839803047317952696'><img src='/wp-content/plugins/wp-about-author/images/googleplus.png' alt='Google Plus'/></a></p></div></div>The post <a href="/how-to-unlock-your-iphone-4s-iphone-4-iphone-3gs-using-sam-5-0-5-0-1-5-1/">How to Unlock Your iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS Using SAM [5.0, 5.0.1, 5.1]</a> first appeared on <a href="/">vaheeD khoshnouD</a>.]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>Authentication VS Authorization</title>
		<link>/authentication-vs-authorization/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vaheeD]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2013 20:45:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>what is the difference between authentication and authorization? Why it is important to understand difference between the two? Authentication vs. Authorization &#8212; what are they and how do they differ? Authentication Authentication verifies who you are. For example, you can login into your Unix server using the ssh client, or access your email server using the... </p>
<p><a class="small button secondary" href="/authentication-vs-authorization/">Continue Reading</a></p>
The post <a href="/authentication-vs-authorization/">Authentication VS Authorization</a> first appeared on <a href="/">vaheeD khoshnouD</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span id="more-438"></span></p>
<p>what is the difference between authentication and authorization? Why it is important to understand difference between the two? Authentication vs. Authorization &#8212; what are they and how do they differ?</p>
<h2>Authentication</h2>
<div></div>
<p>Authentication verifies <strong>who you are</strong>. For example, you can login into your Unix server using the ssh client, or access your email server using the POP3 and SMTP client. Usually, PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) are used as low-level authentication schemes into a high-level application programming interface (API), which allows programs that rely on authentication to be written independently of the underlying authentication scheme.</p>
<h2>Authorization</h2>
<p>Authorization verifies <strong>what you are authorized to do</strong>. For example, you are allowed to login into your Unix server via ssh client, but you are not authorized to browser /data2 or any other file system. Authorization occurs after successful authentication. Authorization can be controlled at file system level or using various application level configuration options such as chroot(2).</p>
<p>Usually, the connection attempt must be both authenticated and authorized by the system. You can easily find out why connection attempts are either accepted or denied with the help of these two factors.</p>
<h2>Example: Authentication And Authorization</h2>
<p>A user called vivek is allowed to login to www.yahoo.com server securely using the OpenSSH ssh client/server module. In this example authentication is the mechanism whereby system running at www.yahoo.com may securely identify user vivek. The authentication systems provide an answers to the questions:</p>
<ul>
<li>Who is the user vivek?</li>
<li>Is the user vivek really who he represents himself to be?</li>
</ul>
<p>The server running at www.yahoo.com depend on some unique bit of information known only to the vivek user. It may be as simple as a password, public key authentication, or as complicated as Kerberos based system. In all cases user vivek needs some sort of secret to login into www.yahoo.com server via the ssh client. In order to verify the identity of a user called vivek, the authenticating system running at www.yahoo.com will challenges the vivek to provide his unique information (his password, or fingerprint, etc.) &#8212; if the authenticating system can verify that the shared secret was presented correctly, the user vivek is considered authenticated.</p>
<h3>vivek is Authenticated? What Next?</h3>
<p>Authorization.</p>
<p>The Unix server running at www.yahoo.com determines what level of access a particular authenticated user called vivek should have. For example, vivek can compile programs using GNU gcc compilers but not allowed to upload or download files. So</p>
<ol>
<li>Is user vivek authorized to access resource called ABC?</li>
<li>Is user vivek authorized to perform operation XYZ?</li>
<li>Is user vivek authorized to perform operation P on resource R?</li>
<li>Is user vivek authorized to download or upload files?</li>
<li>Is user vivek authorized to apply patches to the Unix systems?</li>
<li>Is user vivek authorized to make backups?</li>
</ol>
<p>In this example Unix server used the combination of authentication and authorization to secure the system. The system ensures that user claiming to be vivek is the really user vivek and thus prevent unauthorized users from gaining access to secured resources running on the Unix server at www.yahoo.com.</p>
<h2>Dealing With Large Linux / Unix Setups</h2>
<p>Large Linux / UNIX installation equipped with central LDAP directory servers to authenticate users. A user must provide username and password against all services such as Squid proxy, Wi-Fi, SMTP, POP3 email server etc. LDAP directory allows you to obtain required information such as employee number, email address, department code, and much more. The directory provides additional data lookup and search capabilities. <a href="http://www.openldap.org/" target="_blank">OpenLDAP</a> and the <a href="http://directory.fedoraproject.org/" target="_blank">Fedora Directory Server</a> (FDS) is an LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) servers for Linux and Unix like operating systems. Kerberos is a network authentication protocol. It is designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. A free implementation of this protocol is available from the <a href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/" target="_blank">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.</p>
<p>Red Hat Directory Server is an LDAP-compliant server that centralizes user identity and application information. It provides an operating system-independent, network-based registry for storing application settings, user profiles, group data, policies, and access control information.</p>
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		<title>Public DNS Servers</title>
		<link>/public-dns-servers/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vaheeD]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 21:06:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>google.com 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 level3.com 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 4.2.2.3 4.2.2.4 4.2.2.5 4.2.2.6 opendns.com 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 cisco.com 64.102.255.44 128.107.241.185 nortondns.com 198.153.192.1 198.153.194.1 sprintlink.net 199.2.252.10 204.97.212.10 204.117.214.10 speakeasy.net 216.231.41.2 216.27.175.2 64.81.127.2 64.81.159.2 64.81.45.2 64.81.79.2 66.92.159.2 66.93.87.2 dnsadvantage.com 156.154.70.1 156.154.71.1 opennicproject.org 58.6.115.42 217.79.186.148 89.16.173.11 216.87.84.211 69.164.208.50 69.164.211.225 64.0.55.201 66.244.95.20 72.14.189.120 69.164.196.21   vaheeDMore Posts - Website Follow Me:</p>
The post <a href="/public-dns-servers/">Public DNS Servers</a> first appeared on <a href="/">vaheeD khoshnouD</a>.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span id="more-60"></span></p>
<h3>google.com</h3>
<pre>8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>level3.com</h3>
<pre>4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>opendns.com</h3>
<pre>208.67.222.222 
208.67.220.220
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>cisco.com</h3>
<pre>64.102.255.44
128.107.241.185
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>nortondns.com</h3>
<pre>198.153.192.1
198.153.194.1
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>sprintlink.net</h3>
<pre>199.2.252.10 
204.97.212.10 
204.117.214.10
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>speakeasy.net</h3>
<pre>216.231.41.2
216.27.175.2
64.81.127.2
64.81.159.2
64.81.45.2
64.81.79.2
66.92.159.2
66.93.87.2
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>dnsadvantage.com</h3>
<pre>156.154.70.1
156.154.71.1
</pre>
<hr />
<h3>opennicproject.org</h3>
<pre>58.6.115.42
217.79.186.148
89.16.173.11
216.87.84.211
69.164.208.50
69.164.211.225
64.0.55.201
66.244.95.20
72.14.189.120
69.164.196.21
</pre>
<hr />
<p><em> </em></p>
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